Volume 91, Issue 2, February (2004), pp. 191-199 © The Author 2004
doi:10.1079/BJN20031057

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Lipid atherogenic risk markers can be more favourably influenced by the cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoate isomer than a conjugated linoleic acid mixture or fish oil in hamsters

Karine Valeille¹, Daniel Gripois², Marie-France Blouquit², Maamar Souidi³, Michel Riottot², Jean-Christophe Bouthegourd⁴, Colette Sérougne², Jean-Charles Martin^2
1ARILAIT Recherches, 42 rue de Châteaudun, 75314 , Paris, Cedex 09, France
²Université Paris-Sud, bat 447, campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
³Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, SARAM/DPHD, rue Auguste Lemaire, IRSN, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, Cedex, France
⁴UMR INRA/INA P-G 914, Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 , Paris, Cedex 05, France

 (Received 6 June 2003–Revised 24 September 2003–Accepted 2 November 2003)

The aim of our present study was to compare the efficiency of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and fish oil in modulating atherogenic risk markers. Adult male hamsters were given a cholesterol-rich diet (0·6 g/kg) for 8 weeks; the diet was supplemented with 5 g cis-9,trans-11-CLA isomer/kg, 12 g CLA mixture (CLA-mix)/kg, 12 g fish oil/kg or 12 g fish oil+12 g CLA-mix/kg. The plasma cholesterol status was improved only with the cis-9,trans-11-CLA (HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol:LDL-cholesterol ratio, P<0·05), but was of borderline significance for CLA-mix (HDL-cholesterol:LDL-cholesterol ratio, P=0·06), with an increase (33–40 %) in the liver lipoprotein receptors (scavenger receptor-type I and LDL ApoB/E receptor) and HDL-binding protein 2 (P<0·05). A 100 % pigment gallstones incidence and a slight insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment index) were observed in the CLA-mix-fed hamsters (P=–0·031). In comparison, fish-oil feeding alone improved merely the scavenger receptor-type I and HDL-binding protein 2 liver status and faeces sterol output. For most of our present observations, the concomitant intake of fish oil and CLA-mix gave dominant effects that were exclusive and specific to one or the other oil. In conclusion, part of the beneficial effects of CLA in the present study can be ascribed to the cis-9,trans-11-isomer, and these did not generally overlap with those of fish oil. In addition, the CLA-mix effects are clearly affected by the marine (n-3) fatty acids.

Keywords:
Conjugated linoleic acid, Rumenic acid, Fish oil, Lipid atherosclerosis risk markers, Hamsters

Abbreviations:
CLA, conjugated linoleic acid, CLA-mix, conjugated linoleic acid isomer mixture, CYP, cytochrome P450, HB2, HDL-binding protein 2, HMG, hydroxymethylglutaryl, HOMA, homeostatic model assessment, LDL-r, LDL ApoB/E receptor, SR-BI, scavenger receptor class B type I